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在現在的建筑中制砂機生產主來(lai)的(de)(de)砂(sha)和石子是(shi)主要的(de)(de)建筑材料(liao)，配(pei)合(he)混凝(ning)沙土(tu)等材料(liao)，其作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)是(shi)構成混凝(ning)土(tu)的(de)(de)骨架(jia)，并對(dui)水泥石的(de)(de)體積變形起一定的(de)(de)抑制作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。但這(zhe)(zhe)時候的(de)(de)砂(sha)石一定要符(fu)合(he)砂(sha)石生產標準規(gui)格的(de)(de)質量要求(qiu)但這(zhe)(zhe)看制砂(sha)機的(de)(de)設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)。

特(te)別是(shi)現在的(de)水(shui)電(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)和(he)(he)房屋建筑工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)，所需要的(de)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)石(shi)(shi)數量(liang)(liang)大(da)(da)(da)、種類多(duo)，而天(tian)然(ran)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)石(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)資源(yuan)是(shi)一種地(di)方性資源(yuan)，在短時間(jian)內是(shi)和(he)(he)長距離(li)運(yun)輸的(de)。我(wo)國大(da)(da)(da)多(duo)數的(de)河流是(shi)沙河，存在很多(duo)的(de)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)石(shi)(shi)資源(yuan)，比如河卵石(shi)(shi)，自然(ran)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)石(shi)(shi)等，大(da)(da)(da)部分河流上缺(que)乏可(ke)供使用的(de)天(tian)然(ran)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)石(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)。可(ke)以使用河卵石(shi)(shi)制砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)機，第三代制砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)機等進行(xing)開(kai)采石(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)骨料(liao)(liao)生產混凝土，在我(wo)國大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)、特(te)大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)水(shui)電(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)已大(da)(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)成(cheng)功應用，為天(tian)然(ran)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)石(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)缺(que)乏的(de)地(di)區加工(gong)(gong)(gong)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)骨料(liao)(liao)積(ji)累(lei)了(le)(le)經驗和(he)(he)教訓。但對于中(zhong)、小(xiao)型(xing)水(shui)電(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)來(lai)說(shuo)，由于受工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)投資、前期(qi)料(liao)(liao)場(chang)勘察工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)深度(du)、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)隊伍技術和(he)(he)管(guan)理(li)水(shui)平等各(ge)種條件限制和(he)(he)因素影(ying)響，導致(zhi)在工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)(she)過程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong)，對人(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)石(shi)(shi)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝設(she)(she)計重視不(bu)(bu)夠、設(she)(she)備選型(xing)配置不(bu)(bu)合理(li)，系(xi)統(tong)運(yun)行(xing)后管(guan)理(li)不(bu)(bu)善、質量(liang)(liang)控制不(bu)(bu)力，造(zao)成(cheng)生產出(chu)的(de)成(cheng)品砂(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)石(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)質量(liang)(liang)不(bu)(bu)能滿足水(shui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)混凝土相關標準(zhun)和(he)(he)規范(fan)中(zhong)技術要求(qiu)的(de)情況屢見不(bu)(bu)鮮(xian)，導致(zhi)混凝土性能不(bu)(bu)良，嚴重影(ying)響了(le)(le)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)順(shun)利進行(xing)，給(gei)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)質量(liang)(liang)帶來(lai)隱患，同時也增加了(le)(le)單位混凝土的(de)膠凝材料(liao)(liao)用量(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)(she)成(cheng)本。

特(te)別是當人工(gong)(gong)砂(sha)石(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)的料(liao)(liao)源(yuan)為(wei)巖(yan)性(xing)硬度大、抗(kang)壓強(qiang)度較(jiao)高、磨蝕性(xing)大的石(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)，例(li)如玄武巖(yan)、花(hua)崗(gang)巖(yan)等制(zhi)砂(sha)相對較(jiao)為(wei)困難的石(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)(liao)時，砂(sha)石(shi)(shi)(shi)加工(gong)(gong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的工(gong)(gong)藝設(she)計(ji)和運行控制(zhi)對成(cheng)(cheng)品骨料(liao)(liao)、混凝(ning)土(tu)工(gong)(gong)程質量和工(gong)(gong)程成(cheng)(cheng)本的影響(xiang)(xiang)更大。砂(sha)石(shi)(shi)(shi)加工(gong)(gong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)作為(wei)水電工(gong)(gong)程重要的附屬(shu)設(she)施(shi)之一，系(xi)(xi)統(tong)保質、足量地提供工(gong)(gong)程施(shi)工(gong)(gong)所需(xu)的人工(gong)(gong)骨料(liao)(liao)是工(gong)(gong)程順利興建的基本保障。通過對洛古(gu)水電站(zhan)人工(gong)(gong)骨料(liao)(liao)加工(gong)(gong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)設(she)計(ji)與運行情(qing)況的分析(xi)和總結，對影響(xiang)(xiang)人工(gong)(gong)砂(sha)石(shi)(shi)(shi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)成(cheng)(cheng)品骨料(liao)(liao)質量特(te)征的主要問題進行了(le)探討。

人(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)砂(sha)石(shi)使用制砂(sha)機加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)終目(mu)的(de)是為(wei)拌制混凝土提供合格的(de)成(cheng)品骨(gu)料，合理(li)的(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝則是保障成(cheng)品骨(gu)料質量和系(xi)統(tong)運行經(jing)濟(ji)性的(de)基(ji)礎。總結(jie)砂(sha)石(shi)系(xi)統(tong)建設和運行管理(li)的(de)經(jing)驗，對(dui)于中小型砂(sha)石(shi)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)系(xi)統(tong)，希望以(yi)下幾點體會(hui)能對(dui)讀(du)者具有一(yi)定的(de)參考價值。

1、應(ying)高(gao)度重視料場的(de)(de)勘(kan)察和(he)(he)復(fu)勘(kan)工(gong)作，提供可(ke)靠(kao)的(de)(de)勘(kan)察和(he)(he)試驗結果，除(chu)料場儲量、分布外，還(huan)應(ying)全(quan)(quan)面了解擬用于加(jia)工(gong)骨料的(de)(de)巖(yan)石的(de)(de)各(ge)種物(wu)理力學性(xing)(xing)能(neng)，包括堅(jian)固性(xing)(xing)、可(ke)加(jia)工(gong)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)等，為加(jia)工(gong)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)設計(ji)提供全(quan)(quan)面、可(ke)靠(kao)的(de)(de)基礎資料，以便能(neng)夠根(gen)據工(gong)地的(de)(de)實際情況有針對性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)進(jin)行(xing)工(gong)藝(yi)設計(ji)和(he)(he)設備的(de)(de)選型。

2、工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)設計時(shi)應充分(fen)考慮現場的(de)(de)自然環境條件，例如地形、水源、料(liao)場巖(yan)性、巖(yan)石(shi)風化與裂隙發育情(qing)況(kuang)，選(xuan)擇不同(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。對(dui)于干法(fa)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)系統，在(zai)粗碎車間，宜結合振動給料(liao)機設置棄(qi)泥(ni)裝置，對(dui)泥(ni)土、裹(guo)泥(ni)的(de)(de)細(xi)屑(xie)予(yu)以剔除(chu)。采用(yong)干法(fa)制砂工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)時(shi)，水洗工(gong)(gong)序宜設置在(zai)制砂工(gong)(gong)序前(qian)的(de)(de)主篩分(fen)車間，以解決成品骨(gu)料(liao)的(de)(de)裹(guo)粉、含泥(ni)，同(tong)(tong)時(shi)降(jiang)低(di)用(yong)于制砂的(de)(de)半成品料(liao)的(de)(de)含泥(ni)量，以利于有效(xiao)降(jiang)低(di)人工(gong)(gong)砂石(shi)粉中(zhong)的(de)(de)黏土質含量。

3、人工砂質量和產砂率是系統設計與運行質量控制的和難點。采用干法制砂工藝時，宜在采用檢查篩控制成品砂質量的同時，配置排料開口小(≤3ram)的破碎設備，如強力式反擊破碎機或其它合適類型的破碎機作為輔助制砂設備，與檢(jian)查篩(shai)形成小閉路循環，對部分大于檢(jian)查篩(shai)孔徑的(de)顆粒(li)(li)與半(ban)成品物料一起進行再次破碎，以調整成品砂(sha)中2.5mm各(ge)粒(li)(li)徑級顆粒(li)(li)含(han)量(liang)的(de)比(bi)例，改(gai)善(shan)人工砂(sha)的(de)細度(du)模(mo)數(shu)、顆粒(li)(li)級配以及石粉(fen)含(han)量(liang)，提高主(zhu)制砂(sha)設備的(de)有效產砂(sha)率。