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巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)石(shi)為(wei)(wei)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)集合體，是(shi)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)地(di)殼的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)。巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)石(shi)可(ke)(ke)以由(you)(you)一(yi)種(zhong)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)，如(ru)石(shi)灰巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)僅(jin)由(you)(you)方解(jie)石(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)；也可(ke)(ke)由(you)(you)多種(zhong)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所(suo)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)，如(ru)花(hua)崗(gang)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)則(ze)由(you)(you)石(shi)英、長石(shi)、云母等多種(zhong)礦(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)(kuang)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)集合而(er)成(cheng)(cheng)。組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)石(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)大部分都是(shi)無機物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(zhi)。巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)石(shi)可(ke)(ke)以按照其成(cheng)(cheng)因因分為(wei)(wei)三大類(lei)，但(dan)(dan)由(you)(you)於(wu)自(zi)然(ran)界是(shi)連(lian)續(xu)體，很難真正依據我(wo)(wo)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)非(fei)類(lei)分成(cheng)(cheng)三種(zhong)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)性，因此會(hui)存在(zai)一(yi)些(xie)過(guo)度(du)性的(de)(de)(de)(de)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)石(shi)，好比說(shuo)凝灰巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(火(huo)山(shan)灰塵與巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)塊落入地(di)表或水中堆積膠結(jie)而(er)成(cheng)(cheng))可(ke)(ke)能被歸於(wu)沉積巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)或火(huo)成(cheng)(cheng)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，但(dan)(dan)大抵是(shi)我(wo)(wo)們還是(shi)可(ke)(ke)以分為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)三大類(lei)： 占地(di)表的(de)(de)(de)(de)66%，為(wei)(wei)地(di)表的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)類(lei)。由(you)(you)原來已形成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)石(shi)，受到風化作(zuo)用(yong)后變為(wei)(wei)碎屑，或由(you)(you)生物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)遺(yi)跡等，再經過(guo)侵蝕、沉積、及石(shi)化等作(zuo)用(yong)而(er)造成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)石(shi)。這(zhe)類(lei)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)石(shi)都成(cheng)(cheng)層狀，沉積者在(zai)下部，時代較老；層次愈上者，則(ze)時代愈新，這(zhe)叫做疊置(zhi)層法則(ze)。當巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)石(shi)沉積的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)往往含有。

地(di)(di)(di)球(qiu)是一個由(you)不(bu)同(tong)物(wu)質(zhi)和不(bu)同(tong)狀態的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)心圈(quan)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)構造所組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)球(qiu)體(ti)。這些(xie)圈(quan)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)可以(yi)分為外(wai)部(bu)(bu)圈(quan)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)和內部(bu)(bu)圈(quan)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。外(wai)部(bu)(bu)圈(quan)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)是指地(di)(di)(di)球(qiu)表面(mian)(mian)以(yi)外(wai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圈(quan)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，按照不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點可以(yi)分為大氣圈(quan)、水圈(quan)和生物(wu)圈(quan)。內部(bu)(bu)圈(quan)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)是指從地(di)(di)(di)球(qiu)表面(mian)(mian)往里(li)直到地(di)(di)(di)球(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)圈(quan)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，有(you)(you)表及里(li)可以(yi)分為地(di)(di)(di)殼、地(di)(di)(di)幔、地(di)(di)(di)核。地(di)(di)(di)殼是由(you)巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)構成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，也是說，巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)地(di)(di)(di)球(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)殼，覆蓋在(zai)地(di)(di)(di)球(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)表面(mian)(mian)。 B、(巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)) 覆蓋在(zai)地(di)(di)(di)球(qiu)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)堅固部(bu)(bu)分稱為巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)。巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)各(ge)式各(ge)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)類，通常(chang)我們所稱呼的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)(shi)頭，是巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)破碎之后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樣子。巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)是在(zai)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)質(zhi)作用(yong)下(xia)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，是由(you)一種(zhong)(zhong)或(huo)多種(zhong)(zhong)礦物(wu)有(you)(you)規律(lv)地(di)(di)(di)組(zu)合而成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)礦物(wu)集合體(ti)。如花崗巖(yan)(yan)由(you)石(shi)(shi)(shi)英(ying)、長石(shi)(shi)(shi)、云(yun)母等多種(zhong)(zhong)礦物(wu)組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。根據(ju)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)因(yin)，巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)可分三大類：即由(you)巖(yan)(yan)漿(jiang)活動形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巖(yan)(yan)漿(jiang)巖(yan)(yan)；由(you)外(wai)力作用(yong)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沉積巖(yan)(yan)；由(you)變質(zhi)作用(yong)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變質(zhi)巖(yan)(yan)。研究巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)很(hen)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)義：(土(tu))人類需要。

巖石的分類有哪些？ - 已解決

巖(yan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)的軟(ruan)硬程度不同，我們可以把巖(yan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)的硬度分(fen)成(cheng)很硬、較硬、較軟(ruan)三級(ji)。 按(an)(an)固結(jie)作用強度、頁理(li)和劈理(li)的發(fa)(fa)育程度將粘(zhan)土巖(yan)分(fen)為(wei)粘(zhan)土、泥巖(yan)和頁巖(yan)，然后再按(an)(an)結(jie)構(gou)或(huo)礦物成(cheng)分(fen)細(xi)分(fen)。 早在1822年(nian)，Friedrich mohs提出用10種礦物來衡量世界上硬的和軟(ruan)的物體，這是所謂的摩氏硬度計。按(an)(an)照他們的軟(ruan)硬程度分(fen)為(wei)十級(ji)： 1）滑石(shi)(shi)(shi) 2）石(shi)(shi)(shi)膏(gao) 3）方解石(shi)(shi)(shi) 4）螢(ying)石(shi)(shi)(shi) 5）磷灰(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi) 6）正長石(shi)(shi)(shi) 7）石(shi)(shi)(shi)英8）黃玉 9）剛玉 10）金剛石(shi)(shi)(shi) 高(gao)嶺(ling)(ling)石(shi)(shi)(shi)粘(zhan)土簡稱高(gao)嶺(ling)(ling)土(kaolin)，是一種以高(gao)嶺(ling)(ling)石(shi)(shi)(shi)族礦物為(wei)主(zhu)要成(cheng)分(fen)、質地純凈的細(xi)粒粘(zhan)土，首先(xian)發(fa)(fa)現于我國江西景德鎮附近的高(gao)嶺(ling)(ling)村而得名。1712—1722年(nian)間(jian)，法(fa)國傳教土殷(yin)弘緒(原名Le.P.d’Entrecolles)曾(ceng)兩(liang)次將景德鎮制瓷實況報告法(fa)國政府，稱高(gao)嶺(ling)(ling)村粘(zhan)土為(wei)“高(gao)嶺(ling)(ling)土”，18。

淺談一(yi)般巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)的(de)(de)抗(kang)(kang)壓強(qiang)度(du)(du)(du) (1)堅硬(ying)—軟弱塊—層(ceng)狀(zhuang)基(ji)性噴出巖(yan)(yan)。火(huo)(huo)山熔巖(yan)(yan)為(wei)塊狀(zhuang)，較(jiao)堅硬(ying)—堅硬(ying)，干抗(kang)(kang)壓強(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)48.0—193.0兆(zhao)帕(pa)，軟化(hua)(hua)(hua)系(xi)數(shu)0.64—0.99，巖(yan)(yan)體(ti)穩定性較(jiao)好(hao)；火(huo)(huo)山碎屑巖(yan)(yan)為(wei)似層(ceng)狀(zhuang)或(huo)層(ceng)狀(zhuang)，軟弱—較(jiao)堅硬(ying)，干抗(kang)(kang)壓強(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)10.9—56.0兆(zhao)帕(pa)，軟化(hua)(hua)(hua)系(xi)數(shu)0.43—0.54，巖(yan)(yan)體(ti)穩定性差。力學(xue)強(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)高低與巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)的(de)(de)節理裂隙發育(yu)和(he)風(feng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)程度(du)(du)(du)有關。中(zhong)等風(feng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)玄武巖(yan)(yan)強(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)微風(feng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)—新(xin)鮮的(de)(de)20—50%；火(huo)(huo)山碎屑巖(yan)(yan)易受風(feng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，中(zhong)等風(feng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)錘擊(ji)易碎。 (2)堅硬(ying)—較(jiao)堅硬(ying)層(ceng)狀(zhuang)中(zhong)—酸(suan)性噴出巖(yan)(yan)。巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)干抗(kang)(kang)壓強(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)多大(da)(da)于(yu)108兆(zhao)帕(pa)。流紋巖(yan)(yan)垂直和(he)水平方向上的(de)(de)力學(xue)強(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)變(bian)化(hua)(hua)(hua)較(jiao)大(da)(da)，在一(yi)定條件下可成為(wei)巖(yan)(yan)組中(zhong)相對(dui)軟弱的(de)(de)夾層(ceng)。使巖(yan)(yan)體(ti)穩定性變(bian)差。 (3)堅硬(ying)塊狀(zhuang)侵入巖(yan)(yan)。巖(yan)(yan)石(shi)以中(zhong)—粗粒(li)或(huo)斑(ban)狀(zhuang)結構為(wei)主(zhu)，塊狀(zhuang)構造，新(xin)鮮者致密堅硬(ying)，裂隙不發育(yu)，力學(xue)強(qiang)度(du)(du)(du)普遍(bian)。