离心机是利用离心力,分离液体与固体颗粒或液体与液体的混合物中各组分的机械。离(li)心(xin)机(ji)主要(yao)用(yong)于将悬浮液(ye)(ye)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)固(gu)体(ti)(ti)(ti)颗(ke)粒(li)(li)与液(ye)(ye)体(ti)(ti)(ti)分(fen)(fen)开(kai)(kai);或将乳浊液(ye)(ye)中(zhong)两种密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),又互不(bu)(bu)(bu)相溶的(de)(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)体(ti)(ti)(ti)分(fen)(fen)开(kai)(kai)(例如从牛奶中(zhong)分(fen)(fen)离(li)出(chu)奶油);它也(ye)可(ke)用(yong)于排除湿固(gu)体(ti)(ti)(ti)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)体(ti)(ti)(ti),例如用(yong)洗衣机(ji)甩干湿衣服;特殊的(de)(de)(de)超速(su)管式分(fen)(fen)离(li)机(ji)还(hai)可(ke)分(fen)(fen)离(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)气体(ti)(ti)(ti)混合(he)物(wu);利用(yong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)或粒(li)(li)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)固(gu)体(ti)(ti)(ti)颗(ke)粒(li)(li)在液(ye)(ye)体(ti)(ti)(ti)中(zhong)沉(chen)降速(su)度(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)特点,有(you)的(de)(de)(de)沉(chen)降离(li)心(xin)机(ji)还(hai)可(ke)对固(gu)体(ti)(ti)(ti)颗(ke)粒(li)(li)按密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)或粒(li)(li)度(du)(du)(du)进行分(fen)(fen)级。此上面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)工作原理不(bu)(bu)(bu)难出(chu),离(li)心(xin)机(ji)和振动筛(shai)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合(he)用(yong)范围,不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)物(wu)料,不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)产品所选用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)设备也(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)近相同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。
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而离(li)心机(ji)(ji)是利用离(li)心力,是分(fen)离(li)液体(ti)与固体(ti)颗粒或液体(ti)与液体(ti)的(de)混合物中(zhong)各组分(fen)的(de)机(ji)(ji)械。
首先(xian)从(cong)原理上(shang)来讲:振(zhen)动(dong)(dong)筛(shai)(shai)是(shi)利用(yong)振(zhen)子激振(zhen)所产(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)复(fu)旋(xuan)型振(zhen)动(dong)(dong)而工作的(de)(de)(de)(de)。振(zhen)子的(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)旋(xuan)转(zhuan)重(zhong)锤使筛(shai)(shai)面(mian)产(chan)生(sheng)平面(mian)回旋(xuan)振(zhen)动(dong)(dong),而下(xia)旋(xuan)转(zhuan)重(zhong)锤则使筛(shai)(shai)面(mian)产(chan)生(sheng)锥面(mian)回转(zhuan)振(zhen)动(dong)(dong),其联合(he)作用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)效果(guo)则使筛(shai)(shai)面(mian)产(chan)生(sheng)复(fu)旋(xuan)型振(zhen)动(dong)(dong)。其振(zhen)动(dong)(dong)轨迹(ji)(ji)是(shi)一复(fu)杂的(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)间曲线。该曲线在水平面(mian)投影(ying)(ying)为一圆(yuan)形,而在垂(chui)直面(mian)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)投影(ying)(ying)为一卵形。调(diao)节上(shang)、下(xia)旋(xuan)转(zhuan)重(zhong)锤的(de)(de)(de)(de)激振(zhen)力,可(ke)以改变振(zhen)幅(fu)。而调(diao)节上(shang)、下(xia)重(zhong)锤的(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)间相位角,则可(ke)以改变筛(shai)(shai)面(mian)运动(dong)(dong)轨迹(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)曲线外形并改变筛(shai)(shai)面(mian)上(shang)物(wu)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)运动(dong)(dong)轨迹(ji)(ji)。
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